“were well known. there and contributed to increase the people’s confidence. Mo a ays that they said there that, in spite of their resistance, it was obvious that the Russians were not sufficiently prepared to face a power like Germany. The entry of the United States into the ”
“of the second front would be received with joy by all. "pkinsiin The attitude of the people to the "Division Asulu is frankly hostile. -. Tt has no sympathy from the people, even from the very moment the recruiting was ■ begun. Be s ays that in the beginning a. few volunteers ”
“themselves fnom the English. Theywould do the same if the Germans invaded Spain. ON THE WAR.— He said that the Spanish idea was that it would last, five or six years and that when they were all exhausted there would be an armistice or negotiated peace. This is the opinion of ”
“force them to sell at the standard rate they leave the peasants enough to eat. It is obvious that everyone makes fun of the order and hides the produce “but it is not that they requisition them, but that the Government controls produce and they have to sell it at fixed rates.”
“0 -2- 3/4612 himself, and desires neutrality out since those who command are Serrano Sunar and the Falangists, Franco lac no choice but to do what Hitler orders him, and there is serious danger of war for Spain. He says that the Anglo Soviet and the Soviet—Aserican pact ar”
“1 0 - 17 •ne 3/4612 THE DIVISION AZUL, he says was voluntary, at least the papers say so. although I do not know". (His most frequent phrase is the papers say 80 but nobody knows"). - Ee asserts that there were many volunteers and one '1 went from the municipal government ”
“- 18 - $/4612 shave. exaggerating, since in the Russian Campaign they said that the Russians■ . were defeated already and nevertheless months passed and the war went on. i or %Our informant did not know the existence of the Anglo-Soviet and Soviet-% 3 i American pacts, altho”
“sell at the standard rate they leave the peasants enough to eat. It is obvious that everyone makes fun of the order and hides the produce "but it is not that thay requisition them, but that the Government controls produce and they have to sell it at fixed rates." He says that ”
“there was scarcity and rationing. I also says at the same time that the cause of the scarcity is that the Government has bought thousands and thousands of tons of food in case the ._ situation gets any worse. That this is good policy of the "Jensralissino’s and that the Falan”
“intended for Germany. Iron ore is also aent to France by to France by sea. FRICTION AMONG THE_RULING ____ CLASSES. — He knows that in the army there is a surge __________________ of feeling against the Falange, but he says that it. has no outside repercussions. The-only i”
“especially when the Russian victories began. They say: - I do not know what would have happened to us but for Russia; the Nasis would be masters of the world. They also say that the Nazi army will not stand another winter of war, that they have suffered such losses that the n”
“persons were arrested for discussing this, and many people thought that the second front has already begun. He gives no more data: ls. Ha says that Serrano Suner was the object of an attack in Madrid when he met Arress, and when tne latter tried to protect Suner he was serious”
“17 8/4612 THE DIVISION AZUL, he says was voluntary, at least “the papers say so although I do not know". (His most frequent phrase is “the papers say so but nobody knows"). He asserts that there were many volunteers and one. went from the municipal government of Estrada, him vil”
“already known. The soldiers in general are against the entry of Spain into the war....They live in very bad conditions, badly fed, badly clothed ard ill-treated by the officers, especially by the recently recruited Falangists. They all wish to be demobi ised as soon as possib”
“TOWARDS THE WAR, — He says that no one speaks of the war because they take the view that Spain will not enter it. All ths world thinks that Germany will lose the war because her enemies are very strong. He says that nothing is said about the second front. About the Blue Divisi”
“18 3/1612 and assassinate. Three months ago at the Puerto de Somiedo, they machine- gunned a bus with travellers in it and the Civil Guard retreated. : 9 are assisted by the discontented peasants and their families, If they came to Franco, with their hands free of blood, he would”
“manufactured in Spain nor exported. But he takes the opposite view, that Bpain receives material from Germany; there are frequent consignments, mostly tanks. What Spain does sozd,not, "as sose say because the Germans take it", but because the Government gives it very willingly”
“lis teeth fixed. K1 Carinoso was not a politician but took to the mountains in order to avenge the death of its usin who was assassinated by the Falange. That they often, like the guerilleros of Asturias, disguised themselves as Civil Guard, went down to the villages, and arr”
“ambitious. We have an ambition which blinds us and we are disposed to give our lives for that ambition. An ambition for what? “That in the coming days when Cuba is liberated people will pronounce our name with respect in our country." "When our men die in Cuba they are not o”
“news of the other organisations although he admits that if they have any organisation they would not go and tell him about it. When he is asked about the activity of the different organisations of which the Frente Popular is composed, and the attitude of the militant party me”
“tobacco and food from Spain Ha says that in Spain there is a lot of talk about the war, although no one bothers about politico at all now, and only @put food. There are all sorts of parties, partisans of the Allies and tho Germans, and among his friends • the people are mostly”
“______ - after Franco’s troops had taken possession of it. x nan of moderate views, politically of the persuasion that was regnant there at the moment, be honestly ----- believed, doubtless as a result of Falangiat propaganda in America, that , "Franquiat Spain was a paradise”
“1 4-00000 3/:61Z 1 - 16 - and assassinate. Three months ago at the Puerto de Somiedo, they . machine m gunned a bus with travellers in it and the Civil Guard retreated. The)care If they are assisted by the discontented peasants and their families. to Franco, with their ”
“thing would happen in any part of Spain. The DIVISION AZUL" is hated by the majority of the people. They say that the majority have been forced to volunteer, and explain how the recruiting is done. Anyone who does—not want to go and fight Communism, take a step forward. Some ”
“was first formed a volunteer left from her district. He was an outlaw who - had committed crimes and she says that he went through fear of the consequences. The people do not like the Blue Division. Tney were not asked for anything for the Ryoluntders". FUTURE PROSPECTS __ Sh”
“example of solidarity against the Falange the old man said he had sold the pistolto a man who was going to America. They told him to prove it, the old brought as witnesses two peasants who lived more than a league away, without having agreed on a story first, but being quite ”
“beginning many people were excited by the propaganda, then they got tired and practically the Youth Front does not exist. STUDENTS,------ These we all Sksx very harpy to be members of the S. E.U. because they avoid military service. The S.B.U. is obligatory . They only corps t”
“^ AGAINST HITO. — H0 says that in Spala there are two parties, one ich supports the Germans and wishes for their triumph and the other which sympathizes and hopes for the victory of the Allies. the first class S. Super stands out, it includes all the Falango, some generals, a”
“-3- S/1612 The peorle are very united and there are not the old differences between the parties of the Frente Popular. The policy of National Union is unknown, he has heard no one s; eak of it. DETAILS F THS PEOPLE S STRUOGEE He says that he thinks that secret organisation”
“have bean on the other side already, but as he has the Germans en the . .9 frontier he cannot do it". The rich and the monarchists are discontented, and; there are many people who were deceived and do nlt like the present regime.. . Asked whether the people support the Garmans ”
“but he does not insist on what would definitely happen. The German defeats in.* Russia, which are considered very important in Spain, have greatly contributedcnm to raise the morale of the snowies of the Falange, who are now resisting it, - openly. “b refers to the Requites ”
“English aeroplanes often make reconnaissance f lights over the harbours of Galicia. They describe Serrano Sonar as the most subservient to the Nazis and in general to the Falangists who nave crimes behind them or wi.o have become rich through robbing the people. Those Wr.o go to”
“politics. because he only read tre sports ress in th papers and did ot want to know any- thing about the Falange. He says that there are many preparations for war; they are making fortifications on the coasts of Galicia and placing a considerable am nt of artillery there. He ”
“o 28 o $/:812 ISpain they believe that Hitler may be defeated in 1942, especially if the Sscond Front is started. They also say that Rusai a is bearing the 9 brunt of the fight., TD Speculation about a monarchist restoration has no Wither delighted cr depressed the peop”
“the queues people ***x*x*xx speak against the Government and the Falange. There are many prisoners. When the "nationalists" first entered Santander they killed people in thousands. The Falangists held many "paseos". They went on killing, only less than at first. The prisoners ”
“Spain to enter the war, and Franco, “if he could, wot would have been on the other side already, but as he has the Germans on the frontier he cannot do it". The rich and the monarchists are discontented, and there are many people who were deceived and do not like the present.r”
“$ co 20 so 3/4612 the impression that he does not know really where their base was). 30.7.42. REPORT 371 A young Basque 24 or 25 years old. By profession a metal-worker. Up to . the beginning of the war he, was working with an uncle in Zaragoza. He remained / in the bat”
“and later circulate them. He says that in Vigo . there is a secret transmitting station, but it was discovered by the police and all those connected with it shot. They were said to belong to the republican Left ("Isquierda Republican#) and among those slot there was one doctor ”
“this point, without being questioned, he says that the Pequetes and. Falangiata cannot meet, because when the two parties were amalgamated the Requites were pushed into the background, and that is the reason they prefer the monarchy. On this point he says that he has heard not”
“to face the problem of defeating a bourgeoisie such as the French bourgeoisie,: which has ideologists and has rulers of the caliber of a I Gaulle, and to face the problem of defeating an idiotic bourgeoisie such the Guatemalan bourgeoisie, with a ruler like comrade Enrique, is”
“informant, 80% of Spaniards are partisans of England. - The . workers, peasants, petit-bourgeois, capitalists, and some of the clergy, (later he told us the majority of the Basque cures) are on the side @ England, although in a passive vay, and against Germany and the Falange.”
“the triumph . of England will causa a change in the situation. (We must point out that for some time there have been currents in the Basque nationalian which have been seeking for a "solution* of their national problem with the assistance of England, transforming the "Pais Ba”
“14-00000 % “19-—- 8/4612— - do not join, or, if they make them members against their will, do no the pay the dues. Referring to the despatch of workers to Germany, he numbers were high because they offered them a good salary and 9 or the but he has the impression that they”
“■.5 % of 40 left Santander and a few aonthe ago ten cane home, armless, legless or tubercular, the rest died bf it. One of them, a captain, and tubercular. told some of his family and friends that all the OgrRan propaganda on the 9 Russisn war was an absolute lie. That the”
“"There, there are no parties, there are only anti-franquists, and all the differences between sections of the Popular Front have disappeared.”
“treatment, clothes.... too much time spent on marches etc. Queipo, on his return f ron Italy was rude to Serrano Suner and struck him for which he was sent back to Italy. General Aranda spent a month at Gijon and talked to our informant. They had an interview. Our informant ha”
“was destined for, although he knew it was to be sold/ contraband. -• as SITUATION OF THE PRISONERS, — He cannot calculate the number of prisoners there are actually at the moment although he asserts that it is at any rate enormous. By reason of his position he has via ted pr”
“and others who were ready to leave Oar informant asked them if they had had many losses but the legionaries said that this was a lie, they had had very fow deaths. There had been many wounded, to the point that not one of them had not, been wounded at least once. All those who”
“Germany and Yague because in a speech at Zaragoza, he said - "we do desire a great and free Spain, but without any Blue Shirts, Red Shirts, or prisoners." All the sergeants say that they are very discontented, because they earn 5 pts. w ich keeps them very snort and o: the so”
“)0000 14 - 3/4612 whioh is wry intelligent, as it knows how to maintain a balance in the situation and remain neutral. says that the Spaniards are very favourable| to Germany because they could have penetrated into Spain and taken Gibraltar, thus closing the Mediterranean t”