“themselves fnom the English. Theywould do the same if the Germans invaded Spain. ON THE WAR.— He said that the Spanish idea was that it would last, five or six years and that when they were all exhausted there would be an armistice or negotiated peace. This is the opinion of ”
“-3- S/1612 The peorle are very united and there are not the old differences between the parties of the Frente Popular. The policy of National Union is unknown, he has heard no one s; eak of it. DETAILS F THS PEOPLE S STRUOGEE He says that he thinks that secret organisation”
“already known. The soldiers in general are against the entry of Spain into the war....They live in very bad conditions, badly fed, badly clothed ard ill-treated by the officers, especially by the recently recruited Falangists. They all wish to be demobi ised as soon as possib”
“the queues people ***x*x*xx speak against the Government and the Falange. There are many prisoners. When the "nationalists" first entered Santander they killed people in thousands. The Falangists held many "paseos". They went on killing, only less than at first. The prisoners ”
“persons were arrested for discussing this, and many people thought that the second front has already begun. He gives no more data: ls. Ha says that Serrano Suner was the object of an attack in Madrid when he met Arress, and when tne latter tried to protect Suner he was serious”
“of the second front would be received with joy by all. "pkinsiin The attitude of the people to the "Division Asulu is frankly hostile. -. Tt has no sympathy from the people, even from the very moment the recruiting was ■ begun. Be s ays that in the beginning a. few volunteers ”
“there was scarcity and rationing. I also says at the same time that the cause of the scarcity is that the Government has bought thousands and thousands of tons of food in case the ._ situation gets any worse. That this is good policy of the "Jensralissino’s and that the Falan”
“force them to sell at the standard rate they leave the peasants enough to eat. It is obvious that everyone makes fun of the order and hides the produce “but it is not that they requisition them, but that the Government controls produce and they have to sell it at fixed rates.”
“beginning many people were excited by the propaganda, then they got tired and practically the Youth Front does not exist. STUDENTS,------ These we all Sksx very harpy to be members of the S. E.U. because they avoid military service. The S.B.U. is obligatory . They only corps t”
“1 0 - 17 •ne 3/4612 THE DIVISION AZUL, he says was voluntary, at least the papers say so. although I do not know". (His most frequent phrase is the papers say 80 but nobody knows"). - Ee asserts that there were many volunteers and one '1 went from the municipal government ”
“0 -2- 3/4612 himself, and desires neutrality out since those who command are Serrano Sunar and the Falangists, Franco lac no choice but to do what Hitler orders him, and there is serious danger of war for Spain. He says that the Anglo Soviet and the Soviet—Aserican pact ar”
“- 18 - $/4612 shave. exaggerating, since in the Russian Campaign they said that the Russians■ . were defeated already and nevertheless months passed and the war went on. i or %Our informant did not know the existence of the Anglo-Soviet and Soviet-% 3 i American pacts, altho”
“intended for Germany. Iron ore is also aent to France by to France by sea. FRICTION AMONG THE_RULING ____ CLASSES. — He knows that in the army there is a surge __________________ of feeling against the Falange, but he says that it. has no outside repercussions. The-only i”
“news of the other organisations although he admits that if they have any organisation they would not go and tell him about it. When he is asked about the activity of the different organisations of which the Frente Popular is composed, and the attitude of the militant party me”
“politics. because he only read tre sports ress in th papers and did ot want to know any- thing about the Falange. He says that there are many preparations for war; they are making fortifications on the coasts of Galicia and placing a considerable am nt of artillery there. He ”
“thing would happen in any part of Spain. The DIVISION AZUL" is hated by the majority of the people. They say that the majority have been forced to volunteer, and explain how the recruiting is done. Anyone who does—not want to go and fight Communism, take a step forward. Some ”
“sell at the standard rate they leave the peasants enough to eat. It is obvious that everyone makes fun of the order and hides the produce "but it is not that thay requisition them, but that the Government controls produce and they have to sell it at fixed rates." He says that ”
“lis teeth fixed. K1 Carinoso was not a politician but took to the mountains in order to avenge the death of its usin who was assassinated by the Falange. That they often, like the guerilleros of Asturias, disguised themselves as Civil Guard, went down to the villages, and arr”
“manufactured in Spain nor exported. But he takes the opposite view, that Bpain receives material from Germany; there are frequent consignments, mostly tanks. What Spain does sozd,not, "as sose say because the Germans take it", but because the Government gives it very willingly”
“14-00000 % “19-—- 8/4612— - do not join, or, if they make them members against their will, do no the pay the dues. Referring to the despatch of workers to Germany, he numbers were high because they offered them a good salary and 9 or the but he has the impression that they”
“were well known. there and contributed to increase the people’s confidence. Mo a ays that they said there that, in spite of their resistance, it was obvious that the Russians were not sufficiently prepared to face a power like Germany. The entry of the United States into the ”
“men. He knows that the place they report to and train is San Sebastian, and that from there they leave for the f rent. He thinks that they are still sending people, but they are only ’reliefs8 for those who come hme. He adds that those who go to the Division Asul today,with ve”
“English aeroplanes often make reconnaissance f lights over the harbours of Galicia. They describe Serrano Sonar as the most subservient to the Nazis and in general to the Falangists who nave crimes behind them or wi.o have become rich through robbing the people. Those Wr.o go to”
“1 4-00000 3/:61Z 1 - 16 - and assassinate. Three months ago at the Puerto de Somiedo, they . machine m gunned a bus with travellers in it and the Civil Guard retreated. The)care If they are assisted by the discontented peasants and their families. to Franco, with their ”
“18 3/1612 and assassinate. Three months ago at the Puerto de Somiedo, they machine- gunned a bus with travellers in it and the Civil Guard retreated. : 9 are assisted by the discontented peasants and their families, If they came to Franco, with their hands free of blood, he would”
“Addressee, LUIS TEDESCHI, is shown by TRI.13328/42 to be a cover address for a USD.E. (UNION DEOCRATICA ESPANCLA) Manifesto sent fro: Cuba. He may also be the TEDESCHI, ESTADOS "NIDOS 8366, who is given as a cover address in the saw message in TRI.14725/42 (secret). REPORT N”
“■ % - 22 - 3/4612 Hatred for the Falange is general in the majority of social classes. He says that even those wio belonged to the Falange before, young students, " employees or just rich peorle, do not wish to have anything to do with it. now, and say that the Falange is g”
“$ co 20 so 3/4612 the impression that he does not know really where their base was). 30.7.42. REPORT 371 A young Basque 24 or 25 years old. By profession a metal-worker. Up to . the beginning of the war he, was working with an uncle in Zaragoza. He remained / in the bat”
“17 8/4612 THE DIVISION AZUL, he says was voluntary, at least “the papers say so although I do not know". (His most frequent phrase is “the papers say so but nobody knows"). He asserts that there were many volunteers and one. went from the municipal government of Estrada, him vil”
“example of solidarity against the Falange the old man said he had sold the pistolto a man who was going to America. They told him to prove it, the old brought as witnesses two peasants who lived more than a league away, without having agreed on a story first, but being quite ”
“was first formed a volunteer left from her district. He was an outlaw who - had committed crimes and she says that he went through fear of the consequences. The people do not like the Blue Division. Tney were not asked for anything for the Ryoluntders". FUTURE PROSPECTS __ Sh”
“5'191* rrtinfen 0 - 15 hungry. The workers, who are paid the same salary as before, cannotat Altos to deal on the Black Market and he says that there have been caresee Hornos where workers have fallen dead from hunger a work hopointed discontent although it is not openly e”
“especially when the Russian victories began. They say: - I do not know what would have happened to us but for Russia; the Nasis would be masters of the world. They also say that the Nazi army will not stand another winter of war, that they have suffered such losses that the n”
“4-00000 - 9 - 3/4812 There is continuous propaganda for the sending of volunteers as workers to Germany. Unwilling contingents of soldiers have left for the Blue Division. THE DIVISION AZUL was a Falangist manoeuvre to give polltical importance to some Falangist loaders. T”
“but he does not insist on what would definitely happen. The German defeats in.* Russia, which are considered very important in Spain, have greatly contributedcnm to raise the morale of the snowies of the Falange, who are now resisting it, - openly. “b refers to the Requites ”
“that every day the people speak acre openly against the regime. The contribution to "Anxilio Social” was obligatory : before but now no one pays. When the young ladies of "Auxilio Social® beg for - subscriptions in the streets and ask the reason for refusal, some people answer”
“TOWARDS THE WAR, — He says that no one speaks of the war because they take the view that Spain will not enter it. All ths world thinks that Germany will lose the war because her enemies are very strong. He says that nothing is said about the second front. About the Blue Divisi”
“this point, without being questioned, he says that the Pequetes and. Falangiata cannot meet, because when the two parties were amalgamated the Requites were pushed into the background, and that is the reason they prefer the monarchy. On this point he says that he has heard not”
“Division. At any rate their panto was obvious, and they r efused to return. Everybody speaks ill of the vision Asul. Its commander Minos Grande, la the most despised of soldiers. Countless jokes about this division circulate in Spain. Our informant knows several, but cites th”
“o 28 o $/:812 ISpain they believe that Hitler may be defeated in 1942, especially if the Sscond Front is started. They also say that Rusai a is bearing the 9 brunt of the fight., TD Speculation about a monarchist restoration has no Wither delighted cr depressed the peop”
“^ AGAINST HITO. — H0 says that in Spala there are two parties, one ich supports the Germans and wishes for their triumph and the other which sympathizes and hopes for the victory of the Allies. the first class S. Super stands out, it includes all the Falango, some generals, a”
“the triumph . of England will causa a change in the situation. (We must point out that for some time there have been currents in the Basque nationalian which have been seeking for a "solution* of their national problem with the assistance of England, transforming the "Pais Ba”
“Germany and Yague because in a speech at Zaragoza, he said - "we do desire a great and free Spain, but without any Blue Shirts, Red Shirts, or prisoners." All the sergeants say that they are very discontented, because they earn 5 pts. w ich keeps them very snort and o: the so”
“of Don Juan. The Falangista are enemies of the Monarchy and the people do not worry much about this problem. Referring to the attack on 8. Suner; Espinosa de los Monteros, Ambassador in Berlin, had on one of his visits to Madrid, a violent quarrel with Suner and in consequenc”
“ambitious. We have an ambition which blinds us and we are disposed to give our lives for that ambition. An ambition for what? “That in the coming days when Cuba is liberated people will pronounce our name with respect in our country." "When our men die in Cuba they are not o”
“informants that the Ministry constantly sent thea bo ks of military tactics, so that they could teach then to the children. The summer camps for children consist of canding boys to camp and teashing them drill. GENERAL SITUATION OF THE PEOPLE, — They spoke of the terrible po”
“people jo.ned it for safety's sake, but now it is dead thing that no one takes any notice of. The same happened with the “Flechas", ’Frente de la Juventud" ete. The syndicates have many members, because membership is obligatory in order to g et work. The workers would not joi”
“■.5 % of 40 left Santander and a few aonthe ago ten cane home, armless, legless or tubercular, the rest died bf it. One of them, a captain, and tubercular. told some of his family and friends that all the OgrRan propaganda on the 9 Russisn war was an absolute lie. That the”
“because they feel that there will be a change in Spain : end they do not wish to have the responsibility of the crimes committed by others. Official posts are occupied by a series of bandits.i-d-’petsunneg”
“- 21 - 3/1612 says that when the names of the first casualties arrived, the people were clad and said that will teach them to interfere in what does not concern them". The survivors case back disillusioned. They repent of having gone. The: majority of them come back ill or cr”