“from the English broadcasts, was celebrated almost all over Spain by the people who stayed up much later than the usual time in the streets, drinking in bare, etc. He says that even the police took part as they are largely Anglophile. GUERILLEROS Ho says that there are many i”
“and later circulate them. He says that in Vigo . there is a secret transmitting station, but it was discovered by the police and all those connected with it shot. They were said to belong to the republican Left ("Isquierda Republican#) and among those slot there was one doctor ”
“people who are not communists; that for example the man who reprinted the article and those who read it were all on the Republican Left, and if there is any communist activity it is so camoufla-ed that no one knows who is _ the authors—He says that during the crossing they we”
“1 4-00000 3/:61Z 1 - 16 - and assassinate. Three months ago at the Puerto de Somiedo, they . machine m gunned a bus with travellers in it and the Civil Guard retreated. The)care If they are assisted by the discontented peasants and their families. to Franco, with their ”
“Addressee, LUIS TEDESCHI, is shown by TRI.13328/42 to be a cover address for a USD.E. (UNION DEOCRATICA ESPANCLA) Manifesto sent fro: Cuba. He may also be the TEDESCHI, ESTADOS "NIDOS 8366, who is given as a cover address in the saw message in TRI.14725/42 (secret). REPORT N”
“collaborating on a book’.- on the "Establishment" in Spain, which in fact I agree with you. is a fascinating subject that I have never seen well written up. Certainly, there is no case I know of where a quitetightly-knit . .aristocracy (or oligarchy) really. runs things; the ”
“18 3/1612 and assassinate. Three months ago at the Puerto de Somiedo, they machine- gunned a bus with travellers in it and the Civil Guard retreated. : 9 are assisted by the discontented peasants and their families, If they came to Franco, with their hands free of blood, he would”
“TOWARDS THE WAR, — He says that no one speaks of the war because they take the view that Spain will not enter it. All ths world thinks that Germany will lose the war because her enemies are very strong. He says that nothing is said about the second front. About the Blue Divisi”
“manufactured in Spain nor exported. But he takes the opposite view, that Bpain receives material from Germany; there are frequent consignments, mostly tanks. What Spain does sozd,not, "as sose say because the Germans take it", but because the Government gives it very willingly”
“14-00000 - 12 - $/4612 i1 ‘ only four Falangists, “who do not know what war means". In general he pretends to be slow and tries, t 6 st out of the questions with trifling ansvess. we think it is because he feels constrained by a Falangist who is with him. Ho declares that ”
“politics. because he only read tre sports ress in th papers and did ot want to know any- thing about the Falange. He says that there are many preparations for war; they are making fortifications on the coasts of Galicia and placing a considerable am nt of artillery there. He ”
“$ co 20 so 3/4612 the impression that he does not know really where their base was). 30.7.42. REPORT 371 A young Basque 24 or 25 years old. By profession a metal-worker. Up to . the beginning of the war he, was working with an uncle in Zaragoza. He remained / in the bat”
“of Don Juan. The Falangista are enemies of the Monarchy and the people do not worry much about this problem. Referring to the attack on 8. Suner; Espinosa de los Monteros, Ambassador in Berlin, had on one of his visits to Madrid, a violent quarrel with Suner and in consequenc”
“tobacco and food from Spain Ha says that in Spain there is a lot of talk about the war, although no one bothers about politico at all now, and only @put food. There are all sorts of parties, partisans of the Allies and tho Germans, and among his friends • the people are mostly”
“Spain to enter the war, and Franco, “if he could, wot would have been on the other side already, but as he has the Germans on the frontier he cannot do it". The rich and the monarchists are discontented, and there are many people who were deceived and do not like the present.r”
“Germany and Yague because in a speech at Zaragoza, he said - "we do desire a great and free Spain, but without any Blue Shirts, Red Shirts, or prisoners." All the sergeants say that they are very discontented, because they earn 5 pts. w ich keeps them very snort and o: the so”
“lis teeth fixed. K1 Carinoso was not a politician but took to the mountains in order to avenge the death of its usin who was assassinated by the Falange. That they often, like the guerilleros of Asturias, disguised themselves as Civil Guard, went down to the villages, and arr”
“beginning many people were excited by the propaganda, then they got tired and practically the Youth Front does not exist. STUDENTS,------ These we all Sksx very harpy to be members of the S. E.U. because they avoid military service. The S.B.U. is obligatory . They only corps t”
“courses and dessert 25 pts. One of them was charged 75 pts, for eating and sleeping in a pension in Vigo one day. A pair of shoes costs 25 pts., a poor suit 500, a dozen eggs 18 or more pts. The people hate the Committees of Supply used by the Falangists to make themselves ric”
“already known. The soldiers in general are against the entry of Spain into the war....They live in very bad conditions, badly fed, badly clothed ard ill-treated by the officers, especially by the recently recruited Falangists. They all wish to be demobi ised as soon as possib”
“frontier. A few months ago a few left Santander to concentrate in San a Sebastian. It is there that they train. While before, they made propaganda I out of those who were going to Russia, and saw them off at the Station, now it is done secretly. 9 All foodstuffs are sent to G”
“A - 8 •. 8/4612 _ YRANOIX ANN —: BOX of the Spanish people are against SITUATION OF TSE_ the Frenquiet rolme. ® says that to assess accurately the solution desired by this ninct pereont le very difficult. Some wish, specifically, for the restorati ■» of the Republic, but he ma”
“themselves fnom the English. Theywould do the same if the Germans invaded Spain. ON THE WAR.— He said that the Spanish idea was that it would last, five or six years and that when they were all exhausted there would be an armistice or negotiated peace. This is the opinion of ”
“______ - after Franco’s troops had taken possession of it. x nan of moderate views, politically of the persuasion that was regnant there at the moment, be honestly ----- believed, doubtless as a result of Falangiat propaganda in America, that , "Franquiat Spain was a paradise”
“anyone tries to invade Spain the 133, kept for the bad times, 139, 140 and 142 drafts cre mobilsed. The *41 draft has been sent home. The ‘42 draft was called with a three months’ delay. They spend two years in• - military service. There - is also pro-military service for Y”
“treatment, clothes.... too much time spent on marches etc. Queipo, on his return f ron Italy was rude to Serrano Suner and struck him for which he was sent back to Italy. General Aranda spent a month at Gijon and talked to our informant. They had an interview. Our informant ha”
“English aeroplanes often make reconnaissance f lights over the harbours of Galicia. They describe Serrano Sonar as the most subservient to the Nazis and in general to the Falangists who nave crimes behind them or wi.o have become rich through robbing the people. Those Wr.o go to”
“meal cost him 20 pts. He does not know anything about it, but the people say the Germans take everything. When we ask his opinion about the scarcity of rice, olive oil, etc. he ends by saying that he thinks too that the Nazis take it. FUTURE PROSPECTS — Be says that any regi”
“persons were arrested for discussing this, and many people thought that the second front has already begun. He gives no more data: ls. Ha says that Serrano Suner was the object of an attack in Madrid when he met Arress, and when tne latter tried to protect Suner he was serious”
“embracing them. The people do not like this kind of propaganda. As for the German infiltration into the country, he limits Mmself to saying - that they are the masters in Spain. He gives no data. He says that the 1% Falange is very much weakened, that only timeservers and thos”
“14-00000 % “19-—- 8/4612— - do not join, or, if they make them members against their will, do no the pay the dues. Referring to the despatch of workers to Germany, he numbers were high because they offered them a good salary and 9 or the but he has the impression that they”
“men. He knows that the place they report to and train is San Sebastian, and that from there they leave for the f rent. He thinks that they are still sending people, but they are only ’reliefs8 for those who come hme. He adds that those who go to the Division Asul today,with ve”
“people of Spain and France, etc. Hasi-dominated Europe will arise, since this life cannot continue "even one winter more". He is confident that the U.S.S.R. will not ba defeated; on the contrary the - Soviet battlefronts will be the end of Hitlerism. He believes that England ”
“-3- S/1612 The peorle are very united and there are not the old differences between the parties of the Frente Popular. The policy of National Union is unknown, he has heard no one s; eak of it. DETAILS F THS PEOPLE S STRUOGEE He says that he thinks that secret organisation”
“people jo.ned it for safety's sake, but now it is dead thing that no one takes any notice of. The same happened with the “Flechas", ’Frente de la Juventud" ete. The syndicates have many members, because membership is obligatory in order to g et work. The workers would not joi”
“those had in prison etc. But the press at sign. The presence 1 Don Juan public property. The people seemed 00% pletely indifferent. to monarchists displayed activity either. Perhaps, he added, they took precautionary mresures th some people characterised by their adhesion to the ”
“)0000 14 - 3/4612 whioh is wry intelligent, as it knows how to maintain a balance in the situation and remain neutral. says that the Spaniards are very favourable| to Germany because they could have penetrated into Spain and taken Gibraltar, thus closing the Mediterranean t”
“and the cooperation, and for the brotherhood. that should exist 1 between two peoples of the 39m0 blood.1 My total lack of knowledge of w at took place in the I.L.O. .with regard to Spain, and the position taken by our delegation, precludes e from answering with accuracy, limit”
“0 -2- 3/4612 himself, and desires neutrality out since those who command are Serrano Sunar and the Falangists, Franco lac no choice but to do what Hitler orders him, and there is serious danger of war for Spain. He says that the Anglo Soviet and the Soviet—Aserican pact ar”
“what would definitely happen. The German defeats in. Russia, which are considered very important in Spain, have greatly contributed - ■ to raise the morale of the enenies of the Falango, who are now-resisting it openly. (He refers to the Boquetes and in gmrrkx gen ral to the p”
“- 6 - 3,4012 HELP GIVEN BY THE IRANQUIST REGIME A D THE FALANGE T YITLER. — Bow and then they send reinforcements to the Division Azul in groups of a thousand or one thousand- - ‘ ‘ five hundred. They say that in order to replace the casualties and tho those who return crippled”
“news of the other organisations although he admits that if they have any organisation they would not go and tell him about it. When he is asked about the activity of the different organisations of which the Frente Popular is composed, and the attitude of the militant party me”
“but he does not insist on what would definitely happen. The German defeats in.* Russia, which are considered very important in Spain, have greatly contributedcnm to raise the morale of the snowies of the Falange, who are now resisting it, - openly. “b refers to the Requites ”
“Spain were forcad into the war, because it would be so tarribloe SUPPORT GIVEN BY THE FRANQUIST REGIME T0 HITLER. — He does nd know the proporations of this assistance but he says that volunteers continue to leave for the front. In the same way he thinks that if the Ogrmans d”
“-11 - o- FACTS ABOUT REST STANCE — In Spain acts of sabotage are carried but on the rail ways, factories, etc., although he cannot decide whether these are organised actions decreed wr illegal organisations of Spareh Republicans or are spon- -. taneous acts of workers who are e”
“new houses and the town is vary much changed. The people who have money are afraid it will lose its value, daily, and either build or use the money for business. 4.8.42. REPORT No. 357 JOSE PAGOS, a peasant, resident in Cuba for 11 years, returned to Spain in 1940. At that tim”
“of the second front would be received with joy by all. "pkinsiin The attitude of the people to the "Division Asulu is frankly hostile. -. Tt has no sympathy from the people, even from the very moment the recruiting was ■ begun. Be s ays that in the beginning a. few volunteers ”
“their village which is a hamlet in Galicia. SPANISH ATTITUDE TO THE WAR AGAINST HITLER. — The majority of the Spanish people with the exception of the very rich and the Falangista are against Franco and the Falange, They explain that Falangists see what is coming to them thro”
“there was scarcity and rationing. I also says at the same time that the cause of the scarcity is that the Government has bought thousands and thousands of tons of food in case the ._ situation gets any worse. That this is good policy of the "Jensralissino’s and that the Falan”
“10-- 8/4612 would also buy on the Black Mr ket and no one would eat. Therefore privileged classes can eat, and they can only do it if they have a a the They accuse the Falangist leaders and the Government of racketeering- Black Markets. Dmnenae fortunes have been made in a n”